Wher to download previous versions of mac os

Same, getting close to 20 years of use here and I keep coming back to it. Big thanks to the team and community. I'll see if I can read a Full Circle again soon. Not enough negativity I think.

Positive feedback loop without a reality check is not confronting the real issues. Ubuntu has many. My setup for last 3 years is Ubuntu with i3wm gaps and NIX as a package manager.

I keep Ubuntu as it is, just upgrade OS packages from time to time. All custom setup goes to nix package manager. This way I have more flexibility there and up to date tools that I use. I have all dependencies in a repo, so can quickly spin-up the same desktop environment in another computer if needed, as an example I do it between my personal and work laptop. This is preatty handy and I don't feel any difference switching between computers.

Any chance your repo is public? Care to share a URL? I'm just getting curious about Nix, and would love to see this specific use case in the wild. There is also chance that other people have it publically.

Then why not just go full nixos? I just like to have a backup,and be able in case there would be some issues for whatever reason just use Ubuntu. For example some package just not exist in nix. I've been running Ubuntu on servers for over 12 years. It generally works great I haven't had a smooth Ubuntu upgrade in years. During one upgrade, the system lost the default route. There was some bug with multiple NICs. Another time, it decided to rename all the network interfaces, requiring a bunch of manual reconfiguration.

Then for some reason my boot device got switched perhaps this was really a UEFI issue? Is this that exotic a configuration? It probably isn't a configuration that is well tested. I only update servers between LTS releases and take the opportunity to start with a fresh install. I think this makes sense even for Windows servers. Yes, part of my problem was a few of these systems had been through multiple upgrades: Still, these are all LTS releases.

I was able to fix all of these problems by dropping to single user mode. But I've been working with Linux since Funny, I run Ubuntu on my laptop and tried just today to upgrade it since I'm on When I fix one, another one appears.

Tried for 5 hours today and eventually gave up. Well, actually a few issues with NixOS upgrades, but it's so easy to rollback that I barely spend any time on it, and when I later try to upgrade again, everything just works.

I've had similar issues with Ubuntu upgrades since I started using Ubuntu 8. X and seems it'll never be fixed. Ubuntu developer here. Sounds like you have a really hacked up system there, and that it's your existing system that has issues.

Under these circumstances, I don't think it's reasonable to expect an upgrade to be able to work smoothly. Scripts that handle upgrade paths necessarily need to make assumptions that what they are upgrading from is what the distribution put there. If you hack it up, then those scripts aren't going to work. Your Arch system, being rolling release based, I assume isn't as hacked up with newer versions of things because you get them straight from your distribution?

The equivalent on Ubuntu would be to run the six-monthly releases, which I assume you choose not to do. If you do that and then you hack up your system, then I don't think it's fair to compare to an Arch system where you presumably don't do that. If you want to run an Ubuntu LTS system then I suggest that you do your hacking inside containers whether system containers like lxd, or app containers like Docker.

Then you won't need to hack up your system itself, and then upgrades will generally work fine. Don't blame users unless it's clear they are doing something egregious with the system. Installing a different Python version shouldn't break installers, but here we are. CoreOS with their immutable system partitions and two of them so it can revert to a good one if the current can't boot.

NixOS with the immutable packages and the split between user and system packages. And even Arch with its release model. Or whatever the use-case might be. Should that break upgrades then? Ubuntu really doesn't provide any guidance or utilities to help with this. At least figure out a way to install a known sane system configuration, even if it breaks the user's customization. Having a separate system partition by default would actually help a little. Even Windows allow you to snapshot and rollback changes.

Something that Ubuntu users have to — guess what — "hack the system" to get. Actually Ubuntu Core is an edition of Ubuntu that has exactly these properties. It runs read-only, with packages that can be added and removed cleanly. I don't know of any plans to do this for the main Ubuntu distro itself, but consider the resistance if this were on the roadmap. Obviously you put the effort into the Arch one to set up everything with Nix, and didn't do that in Ubuntu.

A fairer comparison would be "a system that's actually being used to do something" in just Arch to Ubuntu or Nix on both. I'm not a heavy linux user but I know 3 guys who use Arch at work and one of them had an upgrade issue that caused them half a day to fix, this was circa I know plenty of people who use Ubuntu no issue. Not that such anecdote really means anything, just to demonstrate that they can be used to back whatever bias.

And I don't know if arch has this by default? This is more of a linux thing has nothing to do with ubuntu. What do you mean by default? You extract some files to whatever partitioning setup you've dreamed up for yourself, setup a bootloader and reboot.

You are the one who asked for default. Ubuntu has that but I don't think most people use it either. I don't see any harm as an option for beginners. Not that it actually happened but my parents should be able to set up ubuntu because they don't need to partitition. Hah I always imagine this is what we will finally determine DNA to mostly be. I wouldn't expect nothing less than being blamed by Ubuntu developers for a hacked up system, even though I barely described anything.

Thanks for giving me another reason to leave the Ubuntu ecosystem behind me. You described third party repositories and mismatching Python versions. That is a hacked up system, by definition. And to rule out nodejs itself when reproducing bugs. I use nvm or fvm or something to manage all that because the system package managers updated too slowly. What are you saying here? If you replace the version of python that the upgrade process expects, then yeah, you'll probably run into problems.

The upgrade process can't possibly support every single version of any given package, that would defeat the entire purpose of having a stable release cycle. If it's a core package like python which sits really close to the top of the dependency tree then the effects of swapping that out will cascade downward and that's why everything breaks so badly. In my experience, this is the only safe way to have third party apt repositories: - Don't install any third party packages which have reverse dependencies.

This means no libraries, only applications. If you need newer libraries as a dependency then you have to statically compile the application. If you want to install a newer third party version of an upstream package then you need to change the name of it and have it install all of its files in different locations.

Do anything outside of that and you will risk getting your install into a broken state. Because even though you might think you are just installing some applications, what you are really doing is bolting things on to the upgrade process for the entire core system. Using nvm is perfectly safe though because that just installs the different versions to your home directory, it doesn't touch apt. That makes sense; though to be clear, you're essentially saying that apt isn't appropriate for 3rd party packages.

And that: - The question of which files go in which directories in the system is a question for canonical or whoever to decide. Its essentially what windows and macos both do and to increasing degrees with each version. But its a pity its taken the current apt packaging disaster to realise it.

Its really convenient for users to have a package manager, and for 3rd party developers be able to write software for it. And these problems seem solvable: - Namespace all 3rd party packages. If these paths were only writable by system packages, the whole system would be much more predictable and verifyable - since that filesystem would only - could only contain a subset of the files in apt.

I get that flatpak and snap are both attempts to replace apt. But its a pity they're needed. I'm enjoying mint, but if I ever rebuild this machine I'm going to give nix a try. Yes to all of the above. Although namespacing is not enough, the packages need to be built in a specific way so that they don't put files in any system locations.

This isn't anything specific to Ubuntu, this is just how Debian works. If you want to do things "the right way" you're supposed to submit your packages upstream and be patient. It's just not done on the OS level in Debian because in some ways it doesn't really need to be.

Seems uncommon that those things would prevent upgrades. It sounds more like Ubuntu is beginning to suffer from an excess of complexity. I think part of the problem is that third party apt repositories have become normalised as if they're a reasonable way to "add on" to your existing system.

In reality they're a hack on a packaging system that was never designed for third party plugability in this way. They very often break future upgrades. Third party apt repositories fundamentally cannot express all the necessary metadata to allow for upgrades to work in the general case. They don't even namespace properly; apt cannot even tell the difference between a third party installed package and one that came from the distribution. And third party packagers typically don't even consider future upgrades.

This is why Ubuntu is working on snaps: they are a mechanism that allows for third party plugability in a way that does not break the system. This is at the core of why I've found Ubuntu More broadly Linux? Installing programs or functionality beyond what it ships with leads to the system ending in a "hacked up", as you put it, state.

Then reliability tanks. This is true. Are there no plans for apt to catch up? KptMarchewa 38 days ago root parent prev next [—]. So, what should I do if you don't decide to include critical release of a package that was out there for 6 months? Sorry that wasn't included. Please understand that it's not about "you" and "me" though.

So please join us and help to make this happen next time. Of course there are processes and policies to help us ensure quality and that other user expectations eg. These take time and effort to negotiate. But we'd be happy to help to explain what's needed to be contributed to make progress in Ubuntu itself for any specific circumstance.

Here's some further information on sway specifically. Yes, because Ubuntu doesn't ship everything you need, third-party repositories are needed for my day-to-day job. None of the packages I get from that are overwriting existing software from official repositories, but still Ubuntu recommends turning those off, not sure how that should break an upgrade.

On the other hand, my Arch installation runs with tons of custom software, with repositories and more added to it, but still somehow can handle upgrades times better than Ubuntu. Regarding the python, the error message was something like "python is gonna be python 3 after the upgrade, and we can't handle that so you should uninstall python before upgrading", or something similar. I use Manjaro and different Python versions alongside each other regularly break my updates because all of them want to be the system python3 binary at the same time.

I've had to nuke and reinstall tons of software because of version clashes, sometimes needing me to cast arcane package manager spells which every manual tells you to never ever do.

Hell, a lot of really common AUR packages or dependencies sometimes just plain fail to compile. At least Manjaro pins packages for a short while before releasing them onto my laptop, I can't imagine the stress an average Arch update would cause me. Ubuntu is not a system designed for running multiple versions of packages like you want it to.

You can make it do it if you really want to, but you can't expect the Ubuntu developers to provide support for your unique use case. It can't and probably won't satisfy your day-to-day job's requirements. Try a rolling distro instead, or run the Nix package manager next to the system package manager so you can work around the lack of support Ubuntu provides you. In my opinion, it's a lot better to abort the upgrade than to knowingly break your system and make you suffer through the recovery process.

Sure, the installer could ignore the problem, or remove your carefully crafted Python setup, but you'd still be complaining if it did that and you had to reconfigure your entire machine again. V-2 38 days ago root parent prev next [—]. Isn't the freedom of "hacking" your system one of the main reasons for using Linux to begin with? I'm not sure it's a main reason, but it is indeed a key property of having full control over your own system that you are welcome to do this.

But this level of control also comes with a curse: if you break your system, then you get to keep the pieces. I find it quite upsetting to be blamed instead. Ie you're assuming people will install Ubuntu, and leave it in its default state, or only use package managers. I understand how people use their computers. I merely object to those people then blaming the distro for not writing software that can magically work around how they hacked it up. Talanes 38 days ago root parent next [—].

Yeah, it's not the Distro's fault that they didn't design it for how people actually use their computers. How could they have guessed that would be an issue? July 19, at am. Master Shake says:. July 20, at am. July 23, at pm. Nevy says:. July 20, at pm. July 21, at am.

Andreyloverboy says:. July 23, at am. July 25, at pm. July 27, at pm. Anish says:. July 27, at am. September 9, at am. ToKiioxR says:. September 12, at am. September 12, at pm. July 16, at pm. Nov Tag says:. June 26, at am. D locate the graphics hardware, sometimes the recommended api version.

The graphics cards, which the step for mesa HP Support. My native instruments massive x is crashing the entire fl studio saying i need to update my graphics driver to opengl 2.

I just thinking, and for mesa How to fix blender requires a graphic driver with opengl 2. Pinpoint display adapters and trying to the angle open gl 2. I do my graphic drivers installed. The opengl 3 have graphic drivers or win7 guest. Update your system specifications motherboard, high-level programmable shading. Opengl 2. Apparantly back in 4. Then in ltmain.

I thought I should stop while I was ahead, work on whatever bugs you discover, etc. This table describes when libtool was last known to be tested on platforms where it claims to support shared libraries:. There is no workaround except to install a working sed such as GNU sed on these systems.

This section is dedicated to the sanity of the libtool maintainers. It describes the programs that libtool uses, how they vary from system to system, and how to test for them. Because libtool is a shell script, it can be difficult to understand just by reading it from top to bottom.

This section helps show why libtool does things a certain way. Combined with the scripts themselves, you should have a better sense of how to improve libtool, or write your own. The only compiler characteristics that affect libtool are the flags needed if any to generate PIC objects. In general, if a C compiler supports certain PIC flags, then any derivative compilers support the same flags.

Until there are some noteworthy exceptions to this rule, this section will document only C compilers. The -fpic or -fPIC flags can be used to generate position-independent code. However, using -fpic on those chips imposes arbitrary size limits on the shared libraries. On all known systems, a reloadable object can be created by running ld -r -o output.

This reloadable object may be treated as exactly equivalent to other objects. On most modern platforms the order where dependent libraries are listed has no effect on object generation. In theory, there are platforms that require libraries that provide missing symbols to other libraries to be listed after those libraries whose symbols they provide. Libtool does not currently cope with this situation well, since duplicate libraries are removed from the link line by default.

Libtool provides the command line option --preserve-dup-deps to preserve all duplicate dependencies in cases where it is necessary. On all known systems, building a static library can be accomplished by running ar cru lib name. Some systems, like Irix, use the ar ts command, instead. Most build systems support the ability to compile libraries and applications on one platform for use on a different platform, provided a compiler capable of generating the appropriate output is available.

In such cross compiling scenarios, the platform where the libraries or applications are compiled is called the build platform , while the platform where the libraries or applications are intended to be used or executed is called the host platform. However, when the build platform and host platform are very different, libtool is required to make certain accommodations to support these scenarios. The testsuites of most build systems will often skip any tests that involve executing such foreign executables when cross-compiling.

However, if the build platform and host platform are sufficiently similar, it is often possible to run cross-compiled applications. In addition to cases where the host platform and build platform are extremely similar e. This is possible when the build platform supports an emulation or API-enhanced environment for the host platform.

One example of this situation would be if the build platform were MinGW, and the host platform were Cygwin or vice versa. Both of these platforms can actually operate within a single Windows instance, so Cygwin applications can be launched from a MinGW context, and vice versa—provided certain care is taken.

In these cases, there are often conflicts between the format of the file names and paths expected within host platform libraries and executables, and those employed on the build platform.

As described in Wrapper executables , for the MinGW host platform libtool uses a wrapper executable to set various environment variables before launching the actual program executable. Like the program executable, the wrapper executable is cross-compiled for the host platform that is, for MinGW. Libtool must use the Wine file name mapping facilities to determine the correct value so that the wrapper executable can set the PATH variable to point to the correct location.

Wine also provides a utility that can be used to map Unix-style file names to Windows file names. See File name conversion. In certain situations, libtool must convert file names and paths between formats appropriate to different platforms. Usually this occurs when cross-compiling, and affects only the ability to launch host platform executables on the build platform using an emulation or API-enhancement environment such as Wine. Failure to convert paths see File Name Conversion Failure will cause a warning to be issued, but rarely causes the build to fail—and should have no affect on the compiled products, once installed properly on the host platform.

For more information, see Cross compiling. Only a limited set of such scenarios are currently supported; in other cases file name conversion is skipped. In most cases, file name conversion is not needed or attempted. However, when libtool detects that a specific combination of build and host platform does require file name conversion, it is possible that the conversion may fail. In these cases, you may see a warning such as the following:. This should not cause the build to fail.

At worst, it means that the wrapper executable will specify file names or paths appropriate for the build platform. Since those are not appropriate for the host platform, the uninstalled executables would not operate correctly, even when the wrapper executable is launched via the appropriate emulation or API-enhancement e. Simply install the executables on the host platform, and execute them there.

MSYS is a Unix emulation environment for Windows, and is specifically designed such that in normal usage it pretends to be MinGW or native Windows, but understands Unix-style file names and paths, and supports standard Unix tools and shells. When an MSYS shell launches a native Windows executable as opposed to other MSYS executables , it uses a system of heuristics to detect any command-line arguments that contain file names or paths.

It automatically converts these file names from the MSYS Unix-like format, to the corresponding Windows file name, before launching the executable. However, this auto-conversion facility is only available when using the MSYS runtime library. Thus, when libtool writes the source code for the wrapper executable, it must manually convert MSYS paths to Windows format, so that the Windows values can be hard-coded into the wrapper executable.

Cygwin provides a Unix emulation environment for Windows. As part of that emulation, it provides a file system mapping that presents the Windows file system in a Unix-compatible manner.

Cygwin also provides a utility cygpath that can be used to convert file names and paths between the two representations. Libtool uses cygpath to convert from Cygwin Unix-style file names and paths to Windows format when the build platform is Cygwin and the host platform is MinGW. Wine provides an interpretation environment for some Unix platforms where Windows applications can be executed. It provides a mapping between the Unix file system and a virtual Windows file system used by the Windows programs.

For some cross-compile configurations where the host platform is Cygwin , the cygpath program is used to convert file names from the build platform notation to the Cygwin form technically, this conversion is from Windows notation to Cygwin notation; the conversion from the build platform format to Windows notation is performed via other means. The reason cygpath should not be in the build platform PATH is twofold: first, cygpath is usually installed in the same directory as many other Cygwin executables, such as sed , cp , etc.

If the build platform environment had this directory in its PATH , then these Cygwin versions of common Unix utilities might be used in preference to the ones provided by the build platform itself, with deleterious effects. Second, especially when Cygwin These mount tables control how that instance of Cygwin will map Windows file names and paths to Cygwin form. Furthermore, the Cygwin setup. Unfortunately, Wine support for Cygwin is intermittent. Recent releases of Cygwin 1.

This includes cygpath itself. Wine support for the older Cygwin It is hoped that Wine will eventually be improved such that Cygwin Until then, libtool will report warnings as described in see File Name Conversion Failure in these scenarios. The current and standard definition is when there is a compiler that produces native Windows libraries and applications, but which itself is a Cygwin application, just as would be expected in any other cross compile setup.

However, historically there were two other definitions, which we will refer to as the fake one, and the lying one. However, because the tools mingwgcc , nm , ar used are actually native Windows applications, they will not understand any Cygwin that is, Unix-like absolute file names passed as command line arguments and, unlike MSYS, Cygwin does not automatically convert such arguments.

However, so long as only relative file names are used in the build system, and non-Windows-supported Unix idioms such as symlinks and mount points are avoided, this scenario should work. If you must use absolute file names, you will have to force Libtool to convert file names for the toolchain in this case, by doing the following before you run configure:. In this case, libtool does not know that you are performing a cross compile, and thinks instead that you are performing a native MinGW build.

This, of course, is the wrong conversion since we are actually running under Cygwin. Also, the toolchain is expecting Windows file names not Cygwin but unless told so Libtool will feed Cygwin file names to the toolchain in this case. To force the correct file name conversions in this situation, you should do the following before running configure:.

Note that this relies on internal implementation details of libtool, and is subject to change. Also, --disable-dependency-tracking is required, because otherwise the MinGW GCC will generate dependency files that contain Windows file names. This, in turn, will confuse the Cygwin make program, which does not accept Windows file names:. There have also always been a number of other details required for the lying case to operate correctly, such as the use of so-called identity mounts :. In this way, top-level directories of each drive are available using identical names within Cygwin.

On just about every system, the interface could be something like this:. But that is not the case when using older GNU tools or perhaps more interestingly when using proprietary tools. With Microsoft tools, Libtool digs through the object files that make up the library, looking for non-static symbols to automatically export. The GNU tools do this to not make more symbols visible for projects that have already taken the trouble to decorate symbols.

There is no similar way to limit what symbols are visible in the code when Libtool is using Microsoft tools. In order to limit symbol visibility in that case you need to use one of the options -export-symbols or -export-symbols-regex. No matching help with auto-import is provided by Libtool, which is why variables must be decorated to import them from a DLL for everything but contemporary GNU tools.

As stated above, functions are automatically imported by both contemporary GNU tools and Microsoft tools, but for other proprietary tools the auto-import status of functions is unknown. When the objects that form the library are built, there are generally two copies built for each object. One copy is used when linking the DLL and one copy is used for the static library. On Windows systems, a pair of defines are commonly used to discriminate how the interface symbols should be decorated.

However, the matching double compile is not performed when consuming libraries. It is therefore not possible to reliably distinguish if the consumer is importing from a DLL or if it is going to use a static library. With contemporary GNU tools, auto-import often saves the day, but see the GNU ld documentation and its --enable-auto-import option for some corner cases when it does not see Options specific to i PE targets in Using ld, the GNU linker.

With Microsoft tools you typically get away with always compiling the code such that variables are expected to be imported from a DLL and functions are expected to be found in a static library. The tools will then automatically import the function from a DLL if that is where they are found.

If the variables are not imported from a DLL as expected, but are found in a static library that is otherwise pulled in by some function, the linker will issue a warning LNK that a locally defined symbol is imported, but it still works.

In other words, this scheme will not work to only consume variables from a library. There is also a price connected to this liberal use of imports in that an extra indirection is introduced when you are consuming the static version of the library. That extra indirection is unavoidable when the DLL is consumed, but it is not needed when consuming the static library.

For older GNU tools and other proprietary tools there is no generic way to make it possible to consume either of the DLL or the static library without user intervention, the tools need to be told what is intended. This is of course an all or nothing deal, either everything as DLLs or everything as static libraries. To sum up the above, the header file of the foo library needs to be changed into something like this:.

When the targets are limited to contemporary GNU tools and Microsoft tools, the above can be simplified to the following:. This last simplified version can of course only work when Libtool is used to build the DLL, as no symbols would be exported otherwise i. It should be noted that there are various projects that attempt to relax these requirements by various low level tricks, but they are not discussed here.

Examples are FlexDLL and edll. In earlier versions, configure achieved this by calling a helper script called ltconfig. From libtool version 0. The tests that ltconfig used to perform are now kept in libtool. This has the runtime performance benefits of inlined ltmain. Here is a listing of each of the configuration variables, and how they are used within ltmain.

The name of the compiler used to configure libtool. This will always contain the compiler for the current language see Tags. An echo program that does not interpret backslashes as an escape character. It may be given only one argument, so due quoting is necessary. The name of the linker that libtool should use internally for reloadable linking and possibly shared libraries. For BSD nm , the symbols should be in one the following formats:. The size of the global variables are not zero and the section of the global functions are not "UNDEF".

Symbols in "pick any" sections "pick any" appears in the section header are not global either. Empty, if no such flag is required. Commands used to create shared libraries, shared libraries with -export-symbols and static libraries, respectively. This is required on Darwin. Whether libtool should build shared libraries on this system. Whether libtool should build static libraries on this system. Whether the compiler supports the -c and -o options simultaneously. Whether the compiler has to see an object listed on the command line in order to successfully invoke the linker.

Whether dlopen is supported on the platform. Whether it is possible to dlopen the executable itself. Whether it is possible to dlopen the executable itself, when it is linked statically -all-static. Compiler link flag that allows a dlopened shared library to reference symbols that are defined in the program. Commands to extract the exported symbols list from a shared library. Determines whether libtool will privilege the installer or the developer. The assumption is that installers will seldom run programs in the build tree, and the developer will seldom install.

On some systems, the linker always hardcodes paths to dependent libraries into the output. Normally disabled i. A pipeline that takes the output of NM , and produces a listing of raw symbols followed by their C names. The first column contains the symbol type used to tell data from code but its meaning is system dependent.

Whether the platform supports hardcoding of run-paths into libraries. If enabled, linking of programs will be much simpler but libraries will need to be relinked during installation. Flag to hardcode a libdir variable into a binary, so that the dynamic linker searches libdir for shared libraries at runtime.

If it is empty, libtool will try to use some other hardcoding mechanism. Whether the linker adds runtime paths of dependency libraries to the runtime path list, requiring libtool to relink the output when installing.

Permission mode override for installation of shared libraries. If the runtime linker fails to load libraries with wrong permissions, then it may fail to execute programs that are needed during installation, because these need the library that has just been installed. The format of a library name prefix. A list of shared library names. The first is the name of the file, the rest are symbolic links to the file. The name in the list is the file name that the linker finds when given -l name.

Whether libtool must link a program against all its dependency libraries. The release and revision from which the libtool. This is used to ensure that macros and ltmain.

Whether versioning is required for libraries, i. Whether files must be locked to prevent conflicts when compiling simultaneously. Compiler flag to disable builtin functions that conflict with declaring external global symbols as char. Commands necessary for finishing linking programs. Commands to create a reloadable object.

The environment variable that tells the linker what directories to hardcode in the resulting executable. Indicates whether it is possible to override the hard-coded library search path of a program with an environment variable. If this is set to no, libtool may have to create two copies of a program in the build tree, one to be installed and one to be run in the build tree only.

If these variables are empty, the strip flag in the install mode will be ignored for libraries see Install mode. Expression to get the run-time system library search path. Directories that appear in this list are never hard-coded into executables. Expression to get the compile-time system library search path. This variable is used by libtool when it has to test whether a certain library is shared or static. Linker switches such as -L also augment the search path.

If the toolchain is not native to the build platform e. The library version numbering type. The C compiler flag that allows libtool to pass a flag directly to the linker.

If any of the commands return a nonzero exit status, libtool generally exits with an error message. Previous: libtool script contents , Up: Maintaining [ Contents ][ Index ]. T ype a port number from 0 to This p ort number mu[ The Prestige's encryption algorithm shou ld be identical to the secure remote gateway. Whe n DES is used for data communications, both sender and receiver must kno w the same secret key , which can be use d to encrypt [ This data allows for the multiplexing o[ Manu al is a useful [ The remote address fields do no t apply when the Secure Gateway IP Address field is co nfigured to 0.

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Figure T ime Setting The following table descri[ When you set Time and Date Setup to Manual , enter the new da te in this fiel d and then click Apply. Get from Time Server Select this radio button to have the Prestige get th[ The o'clock field uses the 24 hour format. Each time zone in the Uni ted S tates s[ Refer to the appendices for example log message explanations.

Click [ Select a category of logs to view; select All Logs to view logs from [ An alert is a type o f log that warrants more serious attention. They include system errors, attacks a[ If thi s field is left blank, logs and alert message[ Enter the E-mail address where the alert messages will be sent. Alerts include system errors, attacks and attempted access to blocked web[ In some operating systems, you may see the following icon on your desktop.

Figure Network T e mporarily Disconnected After two minutes, log in again and check your new fi rmware ve[ Once y our Prestige is co nfigured and functioning prop erly , it is highly recommended tha t you back up your configuratio n f[ Figure T e mporarily Disconnected If you uploaded the default config uration file you m[ Several operations that you should be fam iliar with before you a ttempt to modify the configuration are listed in the table below. General Setup Filter and Firewall S etup 2.